Risk Analysis

Rollups only

Type

Optimistic Rollup

Optimium

Plasma

Validium

ZK Rollup

Type

Optimistic Rollup

Optimium

Plasma

Validium

ZK Rollup

Stack

Arbitrum

Loopring

OP Stack

OVM

Polygon

StarkEx

Starknet

ZK Stack

zkSync Lite

No provider

Stack

Arbitrum

Loopring

OP Stack

OVM

Polygon

StarkEx

Starknet

ZK Stack

zkSync Lite

No provider

Stage

Not applicable

Stage 0

Stage 1

Stage 2

Under review

Stage

Not applicable

Stage 0

Stage 1

Stage 2

Under review

Purpose

AMM

Bitcoin DApps

Bug bounty

DeFi

Exchange

Gaming

Information

NFT

Payments

Privacy

Private payments

Social

Universal

Purpose

AMM

Bitcoin DApps

Bug bounty

DeFi

Exchange

Gaming

Information

NFT

Payments

Privacy

Private payments

Social

Universal

Active projectsActive55 Archived projectsArchived12

#	Name	State validation How is the validity of the system state checked?	Data availability Is the data needed to reconstruct the state available?	Exit window How much time do users have to exit the system in case of an unwanted upgrade?	Sequencer failure Sequencer is an entity responsible for constructing blocks and deciding on the ordering of user's transactions. What happens if it is offline or censors individual user?	Proposer failure Proposer is an entity responsible for submitting state commitments to Ethereum (optionally, along with the zkProof). What happens if it is offline?
1	Arbitrum One Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Fraud proofs (INT) 6d 8h challenge period Fraud proofs allow 14 WHITELISTED actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	2d The Security Council can upgrade with no delay. Upgrades are initiated on L2 and have to go first through a 3d delay. Since there is a 1d to force a tx, users have only 2d to exit. If users post a tx after that time, they would need to self propose a root with a 6d 8h delay and then wait for the 6d 8h challenge window, while the upgrade would be confirmed just after the 6d 8h challenge window and the 3d L1 timelock.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 1d delay on this operation.	Self propose Anyone can become a Proposer after 6d 8h of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.
2	OP Mainnet Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust block Proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
3	Base Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
4	Blast Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 12d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
5	Mantle Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation rely fully on data that is NOT published on chain. MantleDA contracts are forked from EigenDA with significant modifications, most importantly removal of slashing conditions. DA fraud proof mechanism is not live yet.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
6	Linea The circuit of the program being proven is not public.	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1. Unlike most ZK rollups, transaction data is posted instead of state diffs.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
7	Starknet	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	On chain (SD) All of the data (SD = state diffs) needed for proof construction is published on chain.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
8	Manta Pacific Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 3d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
9	zkSync Era Withdrawals are delayed by 21h. The length of the delay can be arbitrarily set by a MultiSig.	ZK proofs Uses PLONK zero-knowledge proof system with KZG commitments.	On chain (SD) All of the data (SD = state diffs) needed for proof construction is published on chain.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Enqueue via L1 Users can submit transactions to an L1 queue, but can't force them. The sequencer cannot selectively skip transactions but can stop processing the queue entirely. In other words, if the sequencer censors or is down, it is so for everyone.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
10	Mode Network Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
11	Scroll	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
12	Metis Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External (MEMO) Transaction data is kept in MEMO decentralized storage.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Enqueue via L1 Users can submit transactions to an L1 queue, but can't force them. The sequencer cannot selectively skip transactions but can stop processing the queue entirely. In other words, if the sequencer censors or is down, it is so for everyone.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
13	dYdX v3 This page describes dYdX v3, which is an L2 built on Ethereum. Recently deployed dYdX v4 is a separate blockchain based on Cosmos SDK, unrelated to Ethereum and is using different technology. No information on this page applies to dYdX v4.	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no exit window. Upgrades have a 9d delay, (or 2d if shortened by the Priority Controller), but withdrawals can be censored for up to 14d.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a trade or a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for 14d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds. Users are required to find a counterparty for the trade by out of system means.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. Positions will be closed using the average price from the last batch state update.
14	Immutable X	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 5/7 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. NFTs will be minted on L1 to exit.
15	Polygon zkEVM The forced transaction mechanism is currently disabled.	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1. Unlike most ZK rollups transactions are posted instead of state diffs.	None The Security Council can remove the delay on upgrades. Even though there is a 10d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring. Although the functionality exists in the code, it is currently disabled.	Self propose If the Proposer fails, users can leverage the source available prover to submit proofs to the L1 bridge. There is a 5d delay for proving and a 5d delay for finalizing state proven in this way. These delays can only be lowered except during the emergency state.
16	Astar zkEVM	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 3/5 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None The Security Council can remove the delay on upgrades. Even though there is a 10d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring. Although the functionality exists in the code, it is currently disabled.	Self propose If the Proposer fails, users can leverage the source available prover to submit proofs to the L1 bridge. There is a 5d delay for proving and a 5d delay for finalizing state proven in this way. These delays can only be lowered except during the emergency state.
17	X Layer	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 2/2 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None The Security Council can remove the delay on upgrades. Even though there is a 10d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring. Although the functionality exists in the code, it is currently disabled.	Self propose If the Proposer fails, users can leverage the source available prover to submit proofs to the L1 bridge. There is a 5d delay for proving and a 5d delay for finalizing state proven in this way. These delays can only be lowered except during the emergency state.
18	RSS3 Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation rely fully on data that is NOT published on chain.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
19	BOB Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
20	Loopring	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1 with a 0.02 ETH fee. If the sequencer is down for more than 15d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds. The sequencer can censor individual deposits, but in such case after 15d users can get their funds back.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.
21	Fraxtal Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation rely fully on data that is NOT published on chain. Fraxtal uses a separate data availability module developed by the Frax Core Team, and data availability attestations are not published on chain.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
22	Karak Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 3d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
23	zkSync Lite	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	7d The Security Council can upgrade with no delay. Users have 7d to exit to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 21d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 14d to be processed.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 14d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a zero knowledge proof of funds.
24	ApeX	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 3/5 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a trade or a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds. Users are required to find a counterparty for the trade by out of system means.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. Positions will be closed using the average price from the last batch state update.
25	Aevo Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 1h challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
26	Reya Critical contracts can be upgraded by an EOA which could result in the loss of all funds. Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Fraud proofs (INT) 6d 8h challenge period No actor outside of the single Proposer can submit fraud proofs. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks. There is a 6d 8h challenge period.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 1/1 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 1d delay on this operation.	Self propose Anyone can become a Proposer after 6d 8h of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.
27	DeGate V1	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	30d Users have 30d to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 45d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 15d to be processed.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1 with a 0.01 ETH fee. If the sequencer is down for more than 15d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds. The sequencer can censor individual deposits, but in such case after 15d users can get their funds back.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.
28	ZKFair The forced transaction mechanism is currently disabled. The project claims to use CelestiaDA but smart contracts on L1 use DAC. Arbitrary messaging passing is removed from the bridge.	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 3/5 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None The ZkFair Owner can upgrade with no delay. Even though there is a 1d Timelock for upgrades, forced transactions are disabled. Even if they were to be enabled, user withdrawals can be censored up to 15d.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring. Although the functionality exists in the code, it is currently disabled.	Self propose If the Proposer fails, users can leverage the source available prover to submit proofs to the L1 bridge. There is a 5d delay for proving and a 5d delay for finalizing state proven in this way. These delays can only be lowered except during the emergency state.
29	Arbitrum Nova Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Fraud proofs (INT) 6d 8h challenge period Fraud proofs allow 13 WHITELISTED actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. There is a 6d 8h challenge period.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 5/6 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	2d The Security Council can upgrade with no delay. Upgrades are initiated on L2 and have to go first through a 3d delay. Since there is a 1d to force a tx, users have only 2d to exit. If users post a tx after that time, they would need to self propose a root with a 6d 8h delay and then wait for the 6d 8h challenge window, while the upgrade would be confirmed just after the 6d 8h challenge window and the 3d L1 timelock.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 1d delay on this operation.	Self propose Anyone can become a Proposer after 6d 8h of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.
30	rhino.fi	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 4/7 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable. Users can be explicitly censored from withdrawing (Blocklist on L1).	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.
31	Zora Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
32	Sorare	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 2/4 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. NFTs will be minted on L1 to exit.
33	Lyra Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
34	Kinto Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Fraud proofs (INT) 6d 8h challenge period No actor outside of the single Proposer can submit fraud proofs. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks. There is a 6d 8h challenge period.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 1d delay on this operation.	Self propose Anyone can become a Proposer after 6d 8h of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.
35	Boba Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
36	Kroma	Fraud proofs (INT, ZK) 7d challenge period Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. ZK proofs are used to adjudicate the correctness of the last step. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks and can fail under certain conditions. The current system doesn't use posted L2 txs batches on L1 as inputs to prove a fault, meaning that DA is not enforced.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Self propose Anyone can be a Proposer and propose new roots to the L1 bridge.
37	Paradex There are unhandled implementation changes. The project is under review and part of the information might be outdated.	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	On chain (SD) All of the data (SD = state diffs) needed for proof construction is published on chain.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	No mechanism There is no mechanism to have transactions be included if the sequencer is down or censoring.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
38	Taiko This project is under review.	In review	In review	In review	In review	In review
39	ZKSpace	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	5d Users have 5d to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 8d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 3d to be processed.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 3d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a zero knowledge proof of funds.
40	HYCHAIN This project is under review.	In review	In review	In review	In review	In review
41	Redstone Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation rely on data that is NOT published onchain. Redstone uses a custom data availability provider without attestations, relying though on DA challenges.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
42	tanX	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 2/4 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.
43	PGN Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
44	Orderly Network Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
45	Ancient8 Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
46	Mint Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
47	Cyber Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation rely on data that is NOT published onchain. Cyber uses a custom data availability system without attestations, but allowing data challenges.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
48	Myria	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 2/5 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. NFTs will be minted on L1 to exit.
49	Parallel Fraud proof system is fully deployed but is not yet permissionless as it requires Validators to be whitelisted.	Fraud proofs (INT) 6d challenge period No actor outside of the single Proposer can submit fraud proofs. Interactive proofs (INT) require multiple transactions over time to resolve. The challenge protocol can be subject to delay attacks. There is a 6d challenge period.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 1d delay on this operation.	Self propose Anyone can become a Proposer after 6d 8h of inactivity from the currently whitelisted Proposers.
50	Honeypot	None Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is no delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
51	Hypr Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	External Proof construction and state derivation fully rely on data that is posted on Celestia. Sequencer tx roots are not checked against the Blobstream bridge data roots onchain, but L2 nodes can verify data availability by running a Celestia light client.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
52	Edgeless This project is under review.	In review	In review	In review	In review	In review
53	Metal Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	In development 7d challenge period Currently the system permits invalid state roots. More details in project overview.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. There is a 12h delay on this operation.	Cannot withdraw Only the whitelisted proposers can publish state roots on L1, so in the event of failure the withdrawals are frozen.
54	ReddioEx	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 2/2 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. NFTs will be minted on L1 to exit.
55	Fuel v1	Fraud proofs (1R) Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Single round proofs (1R) only require a single transaction to resolve.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1.	Self propose Anyone can be a Proposer and propose new roots to the L1 bridge.

#	Name	State validation How is the validity of the system state checked?	Data availability Is the data needed to reconstruct the state available?	Exit window How much time do users have to exit the system in case of an unwanted upgrade?	Sequencer failure Sequencer is an entity responsible for constructing blocks and deciding on the ordering of user's transactions. What happens if it is offline or censors individual user?	Proposer failure Proposer is an entity responsible for submitting state commitments to Ethereum (optionally, along with the zkProof). What happens if it is offline?
1	Zk.Money v1 (Aztec v1) EOL: Ownership of the rollup contract is irrevocably renounced and Aztec is not running a rollup processor (operator). Users or third parties have to [run the rollup system by themselves](https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-v2-ejector/) to withdraw or transact.	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. Proposing new blocks requires creating ZK proofs.	Self propose If the Proposer fails, users can leverage the source available prover to submit proofs to the L1 bridge.
2	Zk.Money v2 (Aztec Connect) EOL: Aztec team shut down their offchain rollup infrastructure on March 31st, 2024. Onchain deposits are disabled and ownership of the rollup contract is irrevocably renounced. Assets in the escrow can be manually withdrawn with the [Aztec Connect Ejector](https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-connect-ejector).	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Self sequence In the event of a sequencer failure, users can force transactions to be included in the project's chain by sending them to L1. Proposing new blocks requires creating ZK proofs.	Self propose If the Proposer fails, users can leverage the source available prover to submit proofs to the L1 bridge.
3	ZKSwap 1.0 This project contains unverified contracts. Version 3 of the protocol called ZkSpace is available and users are encouraged to move their assets there.	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	Unknown Some contracts are not verified, so there is no way to assess the exit window.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for , users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a zero knowledge proof of funds.
4	Polygon Hermez Hermez and Polygon have recently merged. Hermez and Polygon Hermez are two names for the same rollup.	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	7d Users have 7d to exit funds in case of an unwanted upgrade. There is a 7d delay before an upgrade is applied, and withdrawals can take up to 0s to be processed.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for , users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Self propose If the Proposer fails, users can leverage the source available prover to submit proofs to the L1 bridge.
5	ZKSwap 2.0 This project contains unverified contracts. Version 3 of the protocol called ZkSpace is available and users are encouraged to move their assets there.	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	Unknown Some contracts are not verified, so there is no way to assess the exit window.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for , users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a zero knowledge proof of funds.
6	Layer2.Finance This project is under review. Currently the TVL is calculated incorrectly, because it does not take assets locked in DeFi into account.	In review	In review	In review	In review	In review
7	OMG Network This project contains unverified contracts.	Exits only Exits from the network are subject to a period when they can be challenged. The internal network state is left unchecked.	External Proof construction and state derivation rely fully on data that is NOT published on chain.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for , users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. The details are unknown.
8	DeGate V1 Legacy	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1 with a 0.01 ETH fee. If the sequencer is down for more than 15d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds. The sequencer can censor individual deposits, but in such case after 15d users can get their funds back.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.
9	Gluon LeverJ trading platform appears to be in a maintenance mode as the team moved to build NFT trading platform. Social medias associated with the project are silent since mid 2021.	Fraud proofs (!) Fraud proofs allow actors watching the chain to prove that the state is incorrect. Because the data is not present on chain the security of fraud proofs is severely weakened.	External Proof construction and state derivation rely fully on data that is NOT published on chain.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for , users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.
10	Canvas Connect Canvas Connect is currently open only to whitelisted institutional clients.	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) with a threshold of 1/2 that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for for more than 7d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds. NFTs will be minted on L1 to exit.
11	L2.Finance-zk This project contains unverified contracts. Layer2.finance-ZK has been shut down, users are encouraged to use optimistic rollup version.	ZK proofs (ST) zkSTARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness.	External (DAC) Proof construction relies fully on data that is NOT published on chain. There exists a Data Availability Committee (DAC) that is tasked with protecting and supplying the data.	None There is no window for users to exit in case of an unwanted upgrade since contracts are instantly upgradable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1. If the sequencer censors or is down for , users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.
12	DeGate Legacy	ZK proofs (SN) zkSNARKS are zero knowledge proofs that ensure state correctness, but require trusted setup.	On chain All of the data needed for proof construction is published on Ethereum L1.	∞ Users can exit funds at any time because contracts are not upgradeable.	Force via L1 Users can force the sequencer to include a withdrawal transaction by submitting a request through L1 with a 0.01 ETH fee. If the sequencer is down for more than 15d, users can use the exit hatch to withdraw their funds. The sequencer can censor individual deposits, but in such case after 15d users can get their funds back.	Use escape hatch Users are able to trustlessly exit by submitting a Merkle proof of funds.

Want to learn more about the different approaches to upgradeability?Check our report

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